traditional interpretation of the Mass, but he also includes anonymous critiques of fellow Protestants. On the Zwinglian front, the key teaching in view is the idea that sacraments are a pledge but not a means of grace. On the Lutheran front, the primary foci of Calvin's critique are the teaching on ubiquity, and what he considers an excessive identification of the body and blood with the elements, which allows the sacrament to be eaten without faith.
