that have been incorporated by a later author if that formula expresses an idea that is either inconsistent with, or at least unparalleled in, the author’s other writings. So in this case, one of the indicators that Rom 1:3 – 4 is not originally Pauline is evident from the presence of “ideas that are not found anywhere else in Paul,” and that “this earlier tradition has a different view of Christ than the one that Paul explicates elsewhere in his surviving writings.”
