Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective, Volume II: The Western Perspective, Volume II (with CourseMate Printed Access Card)

by Fred S. Kleiner

As the 15th century opened, Rome and Avignon were still the official seats of two competing popes (see “The Great Schism,” Chapter 14, page 404), and the Hundred Years’ War (1337–1453) between France and England still raged.