Close analyses of the history of taxation,18
policing,19 and food supply20 indicate that popular resistance to state-building was deep, broadly based, frequent, and violent. In England alone, the crown put down by force popular rebellions in 1489, 1497, 1536, 1547, 1549, and 1553, all responses to the centralizing efforts of the Tudors. Those asked to surrender men, crops, labor, money, and land to the emerging state did not do so without a fight.
