In a strange analogy, the same was true in the Soviet Union, where 1924 had marked the end of proletarian internationalism and the idea of world revolution, just as 1929 marked the end of liberal capitalism in the West. Stalin’s promulgation of “socialism in one country” effectively killed off Lenin and Trotsky’s dream of communist internationalism. The Soviet-Russian nationalism that superceded the idea of a world revolution under Stalin was as autarkic, defensive, and introspective as the prevailing sentiments in pre-1937 Italy, Germany, and the United States.