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December 23, 2023 - January 5, 2024
two conditions
what drives basic attention and working memory? The answer can only be basic value, the collection of basic preferences inherent in biological regulation.
the full somatic-marker hypothesis,
allocation and maintenance of attention and working memory
motivated by preferences inherent in the organism,
BIASES AND THE CREATION OF ORDER
automated somatic states, with their biasing mechanisms; working memory; and attention.
concerned with the critical problem of creating order out of parallel spatial displays,
the problem of order.
how do somatic markers function as criteria?
Normal cognition and movement require organization of concurrent and interactive sequences.
biological drives (its reasons, so to speak).
us lucky enough to have been reared in a relatively healthy culture
If we assume that the brain is normal and the culture in which it develops is healthy, the device has been made rational relative to social conventions and ethics. The action of biological drives, body states, and emotions may be an indispensable foundation for rationality.
I am uneq8vocal that they are. However those experiencing compromised biological drives/reasons can and often do function well in the domains in which they are stil 'equipped'
Rationality is probably shaped and modulated by body signals, even as it performs the most sublime distinctions and acts accordingly.
The organism has some reasons that reason must utilize.
What the brain required
the somatic marker encompasses an integral change of body state,
the visceral component seems somewhat more critical than the musculoskeletal in the construction of background and emotional states.
when we generate the somatic state that characterizes a certain emotion,
This, though, seems true: If you do not have a skin conductance response, it does not appear that you ever will have the conscious body state characteristic of an emotion.
patients with frontal lobe damage failed to generate any skin conductance responses whatsoever.
more was missing than just the skin conductance response.
As a whole, the skin conductance response experiments gave us a measurable physiological counterpart to the observable reduction in emotional resonance we had noted in these patients, and to their own perceived reduction in feeling.
It might be salient that changes to skin conductance were triggered by aversive stimuli, not attractive ones. Might a comparison study alter the concluding hypotheses?
What could have been happening
exaggeration of what may be a normal basic tendency, to go for the now rather than bank on the future.
One of the most distinctive human traits is the ability to learn to be guided by future prospects rather than by immediate outcomes,
automated predictions of the significance of a future outcome.
The neural expression of this covert, nonconscious means of reasoning would be the biasing somatic state.
In short, you cannot formulate and use adequate “theories” for your mind and for the mind of others if something like the somatic marker fails you.
PREDICTING THE FUTURE: PHYSIOLOGICAL CORRELATES
skin conductance
Answer to a noted question.
“out of sight and in mind, but never mind.”
Analytically observable?
learning something important about the situation and trying to signal, in anticipatory fashion, what would not be good for the future ahead.
Above and following.
We do not know yet how the prediction for negative future outcome develops in our gambling experiment.
George Lakoff
Mark Johnson,
memory will be a neural record of many of the organismic changes just described,
The organism actively modifies itself so that the interfacing can take place as well as possible.
Perceiving is as much about acting on the environment as it is about receiving signals from it.
the body contributes more than life support and modulatory effects to the brain. It contributes a content
the self is a repeatedly reconstructed biological state;
an early and indispensable story which brain neurons have to tell is the story of the body’s schema and operation. The primacy of the body as a theme applies to evolution: from simple to complex, for millions of years,
a number of assumptions.
images,
Multi-media, as he seems to indicate while employng a word that typically connors visual information.
a highly effective solution: representing the outside world in terms of the modifications it causes in the body proper,
What and where is this primordial representation?
To me, representation as used here seems to connote or imply a sort of holographic reiteration
the skin
In the beginning, there was no touching, or seeing, or hearing, or moving along by itself. There was, rather, a feeling of the body as it touched, or saw, or heard, or moved.
Why would anybody conclude that this ha changed.
George Lakoff, Mark Johnson, Eleanor Rosch, Francisco Varela, and Gerald Edelman.6
