In order to have knowledge, it must be shown that the mind of the knower is functioning properly, in which case he would be justified or warranted in his belief. Without the guarantee of proper function, he would be without the guarantee of solid justification for his beliefs and would be condemned to a life of skepticism. The only assurance, therefore, of proper function and thus, knowledge, is the existence of a designer who has put in place all the cognitive components conducive to knowledge production.