A seminal study that would be published that same year went even further. Across the North as a whole, the post–World War II migrants “were not [italics in original] of lower average socioeconomic status than the resident Negro population,” the Taeubers wrote in their 1965 census analysis of migrants arriving north from 1955 to 1960. “Indeed, in educational attainment, Negro in-migrants to northern cities were equal to or slightly higher than the resident white population.”

