Medically based marriage guides of the early twentieth century, such as the 1926 best seller The Doctor Looks at Love and Life by Joseph Collins, MD, gave similar messages. Collins was in favor of less sexual repression and rejected religious morality in favor of scientific fact. He was sympathetic to the struggles women faced, arguing that the “problem” of frigidity may well be caused by male selfishness. He also viewed “natural homosexuals”—those born that way—as “victims of fate,” but his arguments were complicated: There are many persons who indulge in unnatural sexual relations who are
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