Interestingly, the statistical method of multidimensional projection originated from the fields of psychometrics and eugenics in the late nineteenth century, and was analogous to the technique employed by Charles Spearman for evaluating ‘general intelligence’ in the controversial practice of the intelligence quotient (IQ) test. This is a further proof of the social genealogy of AI: the first artificial neural network – the perceptron – was born not as the automation of logical reasoning but of a statistical method originally used to measure intelligence in cognitive tasks and to organise
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