A company like OpenAI couldn’t train its AI models on the same laptops its staff members were working on. To process so many billions of pieces of data for training, and quickly, it needed the powerful chips found only in servers and typically rented from cloud providers like Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, or Microsoft’s Azure. These were the companies that had endless football fields of computers enclosed in vast warehouses, whose ownership of these “cloud” computers would see them become the biggest financial winners of the AI boom.