Wharton professor Lindsey Cameron saw this firsthand when she was a gig-working driver for six years as part of an intense ethnographic study of how workers deal with algorithmic management. Forced to depend on Uber or Lyft’s algorithms to find work, they engage in covert forms of resistance to gain some control over their destiny. For example, drivers might worry that a particular rider could give them lower ratings (thus hurting their future earnings), so they will convince the rider to cancel before pickup, perhaps by claiming that the driver can’t see the potential pickup spot.8 But even
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