Antifragile: Things that Gain from Disorder

by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Robert Trivers figured out the presence of competition between gene and organism in his idea of the “selfish gene

If Trivers really invented the phrase "selfish gene", it seems odd that he would have been so willing to write the foreword for Dawkins's book

So, in a way, while hormesis corresponds to situations by which the individual organism benefits from direct harm to itself, evolution occurs when harm makes the individual organism perish and the benefits are transferred to others, the surviving ones, and future generations.

This ignores the fact that the hormesis response has itself evolved...

The famously mistreated Austro-Hungarian doctor Ignaz Semmelweis had observed that more women died giving birth in hospitals than giving birth on the street.

True. But he advocated handwashing by obstetricians... not non-attendance of hospitals!

medical error still currently kills between three times (as accepted by doctors) and ten times as many people as car accidents in the United States. It is generally accepted that harm from doctors—not including risks from hospital germs—accounts for more deaths than any single cancer.

This is utter bullshit.

invented psychiatric disease, say, ADHD or depression,

These are not invented.

The very notion of iatrogenics is quite absent from the discourse outside medicine

Which makes sense as inherently the term refers to "from the healer"

Incompetence is double-sided. In the Mel Brooks movie The Producers, two New York theater fellows get in trouble by finding success instead of the intended failure.

Turning to fiction to illustrate your point?