Theory of Fun for Game Design

by Raph Koster

There is a constellation of positive emotions surrounding interpersonal interactions. Almost all of them are signals of either pushing someone else down, or pushing yourself up, on the social ladder. Some of the most notable include: Schadenfreude,* the gloating feeling you get when a rival fails at something. This is, in essence, a put down. Fiero, the expression of triumph when you have achieved a significant task (pumping your fist, for example). This is a signal to others that you are valuable. Naches, the feeling you get when someone you mentor succeeds. This is a clear feedback mechanism for tribal continuance. Kvell, the emotion you feel when bragging about someone you mentor. This is also a signal that you are valuable. Social behaviors, such as signals of intimacy, often representing relative social status.* One example is feeding other people, which is a very important social signal in human societies.