Certain dietary interventions have been shown to improve physical PMS symptoms. Avoiding or cutting back on caffeine, alcohol, and foods high in salt, fat, and sugar can minimize mood fluctuations, sleep disturbances, bloating, and headaches. There is some evidence that a diet rich in complex carbohydrates (whole grains, vegetables) and adequate calcium intake may improve PMS symptoms. Calcium, magnesium, vitamins E and B6, and herbal supplements such as chasteberry and evening primrose oil have been studied for management of PMS, but they show mixed results in terms of effectiveness.
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