The first, kikan-shido, described the act of observing students’ efforts to solve the problem of the day and, when necessary, intervening to resolve their confusion by offering a hint or an extra instruction. But the second, kikan-junshi, adopted by a contingent of purists, described observing without comment. When a student made a mistake or became confused, the teacher simply noted the error (maybe on a pad of paper or maybe just in her head), nodded, and walked on by.
