At the other extreme, the 2 held that there was a set of six s that were not reducible to one another (which is not to say that there are not some relations of dependence between them). These were: direct sense perception (pratyakśa); inductive inference (anumāna); verbal testimony (śabda); comparison (upamāna); presumption (arthāpatti); and non-cognition (anupalabdhi). tends to focus on the first three and it is on these that we shall concentrate in investigating his claim that śabda is the only for brahman. All schools, apart from the Madhyamaka, but including the Materialists, accepted
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