In 2023, he authored an eye-opening study concluding that in 2020, “28% of all biomedical publications” were fake. According to Sabel, “as if you’re buying a T-shirt in the shop, you can buy a paper for it to be published in the scientific journal.” In an interview with NPR, he adds, “You can now go online, and you can see a title advertised, sign up here. Pay this and that much for it. There are papers that have fake photos. They have fake text. I presume many are automatically produced by artificial intelligence. And there are agencies who are specializing in this business, which creates a
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