Ruby Modesto, a Cahuilla doctor, noted that people from white universities were always eager to listen to what she had to say until she told them that each plant and rock had a spirit: “In our religion everything has a spirit . . . But people from the university don’t believe these things . . . they have lost touch with the spiritual forces of the earth . . . They are lost men and their own spirits are starved.7 But it isn’t merely that University people are lost. No, the significance of de-sanctifying the earth, the animals, the plants, the trees, and even human beings is that the world is
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