This is in stark contrast to the universe envisioned by Ludwig Boltzmann. In that vision of cosmology, most of the universe’s history is dominated by periods of thermal equilibrium, where entropy is maximized and there is no structure or organization. These long deathlike periods are punctuated by relatively short periods in which structure and organization arise due to a statistical fluctuation — and then dissipate, due to the tendency of entropy to increase. We can call such a world a Boltzmannian universe.
