Experimenter’s or Expectation Bias: This is a research-related bias. This is the tendency for researchers (experimenters) to believe, certify, and publish data that agree with their expectations for the outcome of an experiment, and to disbelieve, discard, or downgrade the corresponding weightings for data that appear to conflict with those expectations. Example: A Christian researcher does a study on the effectiveness of prayer. She finds no effect, so she does not publish the study with the negative results.
