The Armenian genocide of 1915 is well known, but quite as devastating were the massacres of tens of thousands of Lebanese and Syrian Christians in 1860, by both Muslims and Druzes. In 1915 the Turks slaughtered and expelled hundreds of thousands of Christians of all sects. A famine deliberately induced by the Turkish military claimed the lives of 100,000 Lebanese Maronite Christians. Across the Middle East, it was above all the bloodshed of 1915 that destroyed ancient Christian cultures that had lasted successfully since Roman times, groups such as the Jacobites, Nestorians, and Chaldaeans.
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