Generally, we can assume that the more recipients a message has, the more network traffic it causes. However, there are exceptions. Some publish-subscribe messaging systems are based on IP Multicast functionality and can route messages to multiple recipients with a single network transmission (requiring retransmission only for lost messages). IP Multicast takes advantage of Ethernet’s bus architecture. When an IP packet is sent across the network, all network adapters (NIC) on the same Ethernet segment receive the packet.
