years ago and that the universe had a beginning in finite time. During the last forty years, several mathematical theorems based on general relativity confirmed that space and time had a beginning— coincident with the beginning of the universe.38 During the past twenty-five years, astronomical measurements have established the Jewish, Christian, and Islamic doctrines of a single beginning universe.39 (This evidence contradicts the Hindu/Buddhist/New Age doctrine of a universe cycling through an infinite or near infinite succession of beginnings and endings.)
