While the Enneagram is very useful as a method of identifying and clarifying psychological functioning, its possibilities are far more powerful than this limited application. Our view on the higher uses of the Enneagram is in accordance with that of Ichazo and Naranjo. In his book, Ennea-type Structures (Naranjo, 1990), Naranjo presents the Enneagram as a means for self-observation and study as part of the larger work of spiritual realization. He elaborates upon how the personality characteristics of the nine ego-types (which Naranjo calls “ennea-types”1) are expressions of the loss of contact
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