In other words, the equations work only if each quantum of radiation is emitted in some particular direction. That was not necessarily a problem. But here was the rub: there was no way to determine which direction an emitted photon might go. In addition, there was no way to determine when it would happen. If an atom was in a state of higher energy, it was possible to calculate the probability that it would emit a photon at any specific moment. But it was not possible to determine the moment of emission precisely. Nor was it possible to determine the direction. No matter how much information
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