would be a very different question to march into France for the purpose of restoring a Sovereign who had been betrayed and abandoned by his own troops and subjects’.8 Hardenberg was of the same view, and in his instructions to Count Goltz, the Prussian minister at the court of Louis XVIII, he warned that ‘despite the desire of the allied powers to see them re-established on the throne of their ancestors, it would be dangerous to try and explain this in a too precise manner in the present crisis’.