terms, it appeared that China was not playing an active role in the wider war effort. It would also have been better, had Winston Churchill been willing, to use Chiang more as a credible envoy to other non-European peoples, a genuine symbol of nationalist nonwhite resistance who could have challenged Japanese pan-Asianism and communism alike. Instead, Chiang’s regime was made complicit in thankless and overly ambitious goals, giving the impression that China’s own aims and priorities always had to give way to those of the Western Allies and the USSR. The seeds were sown for mistrust between
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