This tendency to compare themselves with others contributes to Fours’ painful sense of lack and shame. Naranjo points out that while the emotional state of envy is an understandable reaction to early frustration and deprivation, Fours’ envy ends up being a self-frustrating factor in the psyche, because the intense “craving for love that it entails never answers the chronic sense of inner scarcity and badness, but on the contrary, stimulates further frustration and pain.”10
