Bourne agreed with Nietzsche that modern ethics had become tired expressions of nineteenth-century sentimentalism: “We have become enfeebled by humanitarianism… . Sympathy in place of justice saps the fibre of character and gives free rein to egoistic impulses.”100 Bourne concluded with Nietzsche that sympathy and selflessness do not represent the effacement of the aggrandized self but are rather expressions of it. He argued that even acts of supposed goodwill are really“will to power” strategies, for the act of giving is merely an assertion of our superiority over the person we are supposedly
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