When the older émigrés utilized Nietzsche to reappraise their personal situations, or to protest the horrors committed in his name, they did so by looking backto a Nietzsche who was part of their own German identity, a part of their German past, a part of their homeland, which was no longer their home. Though Kaufmann, too, associated Nietzsche with the German philosophical culture from which he came, his relationship with him began where he began—as a US citizen, a new scholar for a new world.
