Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale drafted their Black Panther Party platform and program in 1966, and with it a new vision of how Nietzsche could become a source of power for black self-determination and liberation. In his autobiography, Revolutionary Suicide (1973), Newton cited Nietzsche’s writings on power, Christian morality, and a de-divinized humanity as exerting “a great impact on the development of the Black Panther philosophy.” Nietzsche’s ideas were instrumental, Newton argued, in “raising consciousness” among African Americans about themselves and their America.
