Philippines (a U.S. territory then), Army doctor Richard Strong infected thirty-four Filipino inmates with a cholera vaccine tainted with plague organisms. Thirteen died. Strong was investigated but cleared of any criminal wrongdoing. Six years later he was researching the deficiency disease beriberi and ended up killing several more Filipino inmates. Unlike Goldberger’s squad, however, Strong’s subjects were not pardoned but paid off in cigarettes. Strong returned to America in 1913 and became Harvard University’s first professor of tropical medicine.
