Not all presented symptoms are functional, however. Some are revealed in the course of discovery work to be functionless. A functionless symptom is produced because it is an inevitable result or by-product of a functional (but possibly unpresented) symptom—such as loneliness that results from the functional, unpresented symptom of avoiding relationships with people in order to be safe from abandonment, or anxiety that results from the functional, unpresented symptom of never asserting boundaries in order to be safe from a punitive withdrawal of love. Coherence Therapy is a movement into
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