Military uniforms (heitai fuku), worn by men even years after the surrender, were rechristened “defeat suits” (haisen fuku). Similarly, military footwear became “defeat shoes.” By October 1945, brass Japanese-style pipes for smoking tobacco were already available on the black market. Sometimes said to be Japan’s first postwar manufacture, the pipes, about 10 centimeters long with a very small bowl, were made from the casings of machine gun cartridges and antiaircraft-gun shells. Their popular name? “Defeat pipes,” of course.
