Houghton deduces: For human beings to exist, it can be argued that the whole universe is needed. It needs to be old enough (and therefore large enough) for one generation of stars to have evolved and died, to produce the heavy elements, and then for there to be enough time for a second-generation star like our sun to form with its system of planets. Finally there have to be the right conditions on earth for life to develop, survive and flourish … But that is not all. Our current understanding is that for the universe to develop in the right way, incredibly precise fine-tuning6 has been
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