The Cuckoo's Egg

by Clifford Stoll

Roy Kerth had shown me the high-energy particle detectors attached to the Bevatron: they find jillions of subatomic interactions, and 99.99 percent are explainable by the laws of physics. Spending your time exploring each particle trail will lead you to conclude that all the particles obey known physics, and there’s nothing left to discover. Alternatively, you could throw away all the explainable interactions, and only worry about those that don’t quite satisfy the canonical rules. Astronomers, distant cousins of high-energy physicists, work along similar lines. Most stars are boring. Advances come from studying the weirdies—the quasars, the pulsars, the gravitational lenses—that don’t seem to fit into the models that you’ve grown up with. Knowing cratering statistics on the planet Mercury tells you how often the planet was bombarded in the early solar system. But study the few craters intersected by scarps and ridges and you’ll learn how the planet shrank as it cooled during its first billion years. Collect raw data and throw away the expected. What remains challenges your theories. Well, let’s apply this way of thinking to watching someone visiting my computer. I’ve got a terminal on my desk, and can borrow a couple others. Suppose I just watched the traffic coming into the computer center. There’s about five hundred lines entering the system. Most of these lines run at 9600 baud, or around one hundred fifty words per second. If half the lines are used at any time, I’d h...