Roger Penrose has pressed this objection forcefully.[1] He points out that the odds of our universe’s initial low-entropy condition’s existing by chance alone are one chance out of 1010 (123). By contrast the odds of our solar system’s suddenly forming by the random collision of particles is one chance out of 1010 (60). This number, says Penrose, is “utter chicken feed” in comparison with 1010 (123). What that means is that it is far more likely that we should be observing an orderly universe no larger than our solar system, since a world of that size is unfathomably more probable than a
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