the golden ratio. Achieving this blissful mean is a matter of dividing a line in a special way: divide it in two so that the ratio of the small part to the large part is the same as the ratio of the large part to the whole (see appendix B). In words, it doesn’t seem particularly special, but figures imbued with this golden ratio seem to be the most beautiful objects. Even today, artists and architects intuitively know that objects that have this ratio of length to width are the most aesthetically pleasing, and the ratio governs the proportions of many works of art and architecture. Some
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