A host of similar experiments have been conducted by Timothy Wilson and are reported in his book Strangers to Ourselves. He, like LeDoux and Gazzaniga, has found that people constantly trick themselves into thinking they understand the true springs of their actions. But the commentary people provide on their behavior is often a meaningless accompaniment to action taken by preconscious parts of the brain. LeDoux, puzzling over his own and Wilson’s observations, concluded that “people normally do all sorts of things for reasons they are not consciously aware (because the behavior is produced by
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