So despite the official pronouncement of a federal judge and claims of extensive “scientific literature documenting the origin of new genes,” evolutionary biologists have not demonstrated how new genetic information arises, at least not in amounts sufficient to build protein folds, the crucial units of biological innovation. Biologists have not solved the problem of combinatorial inflation or refuted the precise quantitative argument against the creative power of the selection and mutation mechanism presented in the previous chapter (or in my 2004 article). Nor has anyone provided a compelling
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