Individual differences in goals and preferences have long been seen as an important source of individual differences in behavior (Mischel, 1968). The personologist’s approach, moreover, often has been idiographic, revealing that people differ from each other not only in their particular needs and values but also in the importance or centrality of those needs and values. Thus, esthetic concerns appear central and organizing for some individuals and of relatively little importance for other individuals. Recognition of social and political values similarly can provide the key for understanding
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