instead of assuming that materialism and dualism are the only options, some philosophers have explored the idea that all self-organizing material systems have a mental as well as a physical aspect. Their minds relate them to their future goals and are shaped by memories of their past, both individual and collective. The relationship of minds to bodies is more to do with time than space. Minds choose among possible futures, and mental causation runs in the opposite direction from energetic causation, from virtual futures toward the past, rather than from the past toward the future.
