more recently, job growth decoupled from productivity in the late 1990s. According to Jared Bernstein, the anti-Luddites call this fact a “head scratcher.” Which history should we take guidance from: the two centuries ending in the late 1990s, or the fifteen years since then? We can’t know for sure, but our reading of technology tells us that the power of exponential, digital, and combinatorial forces, as well as the dawning of machine intelligence and networked intelligence, presage even greater disruptions.
