When Jaimovich and Siu compared the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, they found that the demand for routine cognitive tasks such as cashiers, mail clerks, and bank tellers and routine manual tasks such as machine operators, cement masons, and dressmakers was not only falling, but falling at an accelerating rate. These jobs fell by 5.6 percent between 1981 and 1991, 6.6 percent between 1991 and 2001, and 11 percent between 2001 and 2011.26 In contrast, both nonroutine cognitive work and nonroutine manual work grew in all three decades.
