on occasion venture capital investors en masse conclude that a “category” is going to be “big”—even while there is no consensus which firms within that category are going to succeed. This results in a massive inflow of capital into the nascent industry, which funds more start-ups than can possibly survive, at illogical valuations. He notes that when investors and entrepreneurs are caught up in such a whirlwind, they almost have no alternative but to race to out-invest the competition. When the bubble pops, most of these investors and entrepreneurs will lose—and in fact in the aggregate, the
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