Henry Ford took this as a personal challenge. He hated in any case being dependent on suppliers who might raise prices or otherwise take advantage of him, so he always did all in his power to control all the elements of his supply chains. To that end, he owned iron ore and coal mines, forests and lumber mills, the Detroit, Toledo & Irontown Railroad, and a fleet of ships. When he decided to make his own windshields he became at a stroke the second-largest manufacturer of glass in the world. Ford owned four hundred thousand acres of forests in upper Michigan. The Ford lumber mills proudly
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