Irenaeus speaks of a Jewish-Christian sect called Ebionites whom he assails for using water and not wine (Adv. haer. 5.1.3); and Clement of Alexandria refers to a group known as Encratites who do the same (Paed. 2.2.32; Strom. 1.19.96). McGowan also argues that Marcion appears not to have used wine, since Tertullian attacks him for his hypocrisy in spurning the creator God while still using the created elements of water for washing, oil for anointing, milk and honey as food for the newly baptized, and bread for the eucharist, and yet does not mention wine
