Requirements for paperwork surged. “All of a sudden,” one NIH administrator wrote at the time, “a whole series of ‘thou shalts’ and ‘thou shalt nots’ were written down.”70 One 1960s Science editorial—the headline: “More Paper Work, Less Research”—complained that turning scientists into clerks would “cost the nation millions of dollars in lost time from research.”71 It was a move reminiscent of blue states creating so many rules around permitting and environmental regulations that it became impossible to build necessary housing and energy. The instinct to make science democratically responsible
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