if “the pessimistic meta-induction from the history of science” is cumbersome to say and difficult to remember, it is also a great idea. In fact, as the “meta” part suggests, it’s the kind of idea that puts all other ideas into perspective. Here’s the gist: Because so many scientific theories from bygone eras have turned out to be wrong, we must assume that most of today’s theories will eventually prove incorrect as well.

